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The northern fulmar (''Fulmarus glacialis''), fulmar,〔 or Arctic fulmar〔 is a highly abundant sea bird found primarily in subarctic regions of the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans. Fulmars come in one of two color morphs: a light one which is almost entirely white, and a dark one which is uniformly gray. Though similar in appearance to gulls, fulmars are in fact members of the Procellariidae family, which include petrels and shearwaters. It and the southern fulmar (''Fulmarus glacialodes'') together comprise the only extant species in the genus ''Fulmarus''. The northern fulmar and its sister, the southern fulmar, are the extant members of the genus ''Fulmarus''. The fulmars are in turn a member of the order Procellariiformes, and they all share certain identifying features. First, they have nasal passages that attach to the upper bill called naricorns; however, nostrils on albatrosses are on the sides of the bill, as opposed to the rest of the order, including fulmars, which have nostrils on top of the upper bill. The bills of Procellariiformes are also unique in that they are split into between seven and nine horny plates. One of these plates makes up the hooked portion of the upper bill, called the maxillary unguis. They produce a stomach oil made up of wax esters and triglycerides that is stored in the proventriculus. This can be sprayed out of their mouths as a defense against predators and as an energy rich food source for chicks and for the adults during their long flights.〔 It will mat the plumage of avian predators, and can lead to their death.〔 Finally, they also have a salt gland that is situated above the nasal passage that helps desalinate their bodies, due to the high amount of ocean water that they imbibe. It excretes a high saline solution from their nose.〔 The northern fulmar was first described as ''Fulmarus glacialis'' by Carl Linnaeus, in 1761, based on a specimen from within the Arctic Circle, on Spitsbergen.〔 ==Subspecies== The northern fulmar consists of three sub-species:〔 * ''F. g. glacialis'' – (Linnaeus, 1761): the nominate race, which breeds in the high Arctic regions of the North Atlantic * ''F. g. auduboni'' – Bonaparte, 1857: breeds in the low Arctic and boreal regions of the North Atlantic * ''F. g. rodgersii'' – Cassin, 1862: breeds on the coast of eastern Siberia and the Alaskan Peninsula 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「northern fulmar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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